Combination drafting table and instruments therefor



May'7, 1935- w. P. NIUKKANEN Er AL 2,000,247

COMBINATION DRAFTING TABLE AND INSTRUMENTS THEREFOR Filed Feb. 19, 1954 A Tlg 52 img 5 A ATTORNEY Patented May 7, 1935 UNITED STATES COMBINATION DRAFTING TABLE INSTRUMENTS THEREFOR,

AND I William P. Niukkanen and' ysima *Miklmnem Portland, Oreg.

Application February 19, 1934, SerialNo. 711,878

s claims. (C1. asf'zs) a l Our invention relates generally to drafting tables and lining and measuring instruments to be used. in conjunction therewith; and the invention relates particularly to a drafting table or board and lining and measuring instruments to be used with said table or board that will eliminate the present necessity for using rulers, protractors, triangles and other measuring members. f

It hasheretofore been the customary practice to use standard-type VT-squares, triangles, protractors, rulers and other measuring instruments with a drafting table or board provided with a smooth surface and accurate edges. Whilesuch practice .produces satisfactory results, still it is our purpose to improve, by the elimination of mostA of the aforementioned instruments, the conditions 'under rwhich drafting work may be performed'so that the same will not only materially assist the draftsman in overcoming physicalfatigue but also will speed up the work. The particularA and primary'object of our invention is to provide, in combination with' a standard-type of drafting table or` board, lining and measuring instruments that may `he xedly secured'to or removablyvattached tothe table or board and a uniquely constructed T-square, which is adjustabley and to which may be attached aprotracting member. l

An important object of our invention is -to provide a graduated T-square, whose straight .edge is adjustable relative to the head vof the y T-square and which has an adjustable protractormember secured thereto in such manner as toact as an extension V'of the straight edge or which may be used for striking oif angles. i

Another object of our invention is to provide means for measuring .or striking off any` numberl of spaced, parallel lines orangles ofY different degrees Without requiring other measuring or dividing instruments or `triangles or protractors.

A further object of the invention is to'provide a drafting tableor board rupon .whichwork can be performed from any of its edges with equal facility.V

A further object of our invention is to pro# vide a simple, practical, inexpensive and ecient drafting table or board and simple, practiE cal, inexpensive and efcient instrumentswhich can be effectively used in conjunction with said tableor board. Y

Otherobjects and advantages and thev nature and characteristic features of our. present invention will become apparent from the followvTlsquare with respect ing description -which is to be considered'in conjunction with the accompanying drawing forming a part hereof, iniwhich:

Figure l-is a plan-view Aof a drafting Surface, having thereonlinear graduations adjacent its 5 edges anda plan-view of a T-square embodying our invention,` which lhas linear graduations thereon of a likecharacter.

Figure 2 is a plan-view ofthe 'T-'square illustrated in Figure 1, showing a vprotracting mem- 10 ber removably attached theretoland illustrating the adjustability of the straight edge of the tothe head of the T- square. A f i n Figure 3 is a perspective end-view of the 15 T-square, showing only a fragmentary portion ofthe straight edge and illustrating the manner of `locking the straight edge With respect tothe head ofthe T-square.

Figure Y4 isaplan-view ofthe protracting 20 k member shown Vin Figure 2, graphically indicating the demarcations for governing the accurate measurement of angles.

Figure 5 is a plan-view of the protracting member, shown in Figures-2 and 4, showing 25 the linear graduations disposed on the side opposite the side shown in said' gures.`

Figure 6 is a sectional fragmentary side-view of the T-square, vgraphically illustrating the manner of locking -the protracting member with 30 respect to the straight edge of the T-square.

rvFigure -7 is 'a plan-viewfof 'a triangle, having linear graduations thereon that may be used f in lieu of the protracting member in conjunction with the T-square.

Similar reference characters are employed in the following description to designate lidentical or corresponding parts when theyV appear in the several views of the drawing.

Ihere is shownin Figure 1 a drawing-surface 40 l, which may be the drawing-surface of a draw` ing-board or of a drafting-table. 'For the purposes of clarity, it is assumed that reference character I illustratesl the drawing-surface of a drawing-board, which has parallel edges 2 45 and 3` and parallelV edges 4 andr 5. Adjacent edges 2, 3, 4 and 5 and disposed upon the drawing-surface I', are linear graduations 6, 1, 8 and 9.' Linear graduations 6 and 'l are directly aligned with each other, and linear graduations 50 timev that these linear graduations may be made integral with the drafting-surface I, or the same may be placed on an independent surface which in turn may be secured thereto by any suitable means.

In order to permit the elective usev of the board heretofore illustrated, a T-square embodying our invention should be `used in conjunction therewith, and saidA 'r-square may ibe made vof any material suitablefor the' purposes in mind. The T-square embodying our invention consists of a straight-edge I0, having linear graduations on both its faces adiiacent to its sides II and I2. The straight-edge sl'dlhasia slot I3 at one end thereof, and ,said slothas .an enlarged circular portion at one end thereo'fzas shown at I4, for a purpose hereinafter tobe described. Head I5 of the T-'Sduarelhas za :slot iIi disposed therethrough. This slot has .straightside-wall I'I and inclined side-wall I8.' 'Straight- -edge :I -is slidably Adisposed within the slot YIii .of the head lI5, and, gin order to txedly secure the straight-edge Igwithin the Yslotso :that sit is in iproper angular alignment with the head I5, there is provided a Wedge-member I9. Wedge-member VI-9 has :a :straight side A20 that vcontacts .the side' II of the :straight-edge II) and an inclined side 2l., which contacts the i-n- `clined :side-wall I8g-ofl the head I5. .By Jthis arrangement the lstraight-.edge t0 may be fixedly held with-respectto the `head II5. The wedge- -member I9 has an lupturned end 20 which facilitates -its yremoval from -its position within :the slot I6 whenever it is desired to slide and V-position the straight-edge -I'U `with respect to fthe head I5.

In order` to permit the .use of the T-square `as a means -of striking -oif vangles, there :is .pro-

vided a protracting member 22, graphically illustrated Lin :Figures land 5, vwhich may -be removably attached ytotlfie` straight-.edge IiIl lby means hereinafter to be` `more specifically described. Protracting member 2-'2 thas a slot 23 `of a length equal to -the xlength of fthe slot I3 and enlarged Iportion-,I4 disposed fin the straightyedge I0. One side of the'gprotracting member 22 has inscribed thereon fa plurality of lines 24, .2-,5,'26, 21, y28 and 125, vmarking voff angles of I5, 30, 45, `I, 115 and SII-degrees respectively, emanating ,from a commonpoint @ILV-and -there are also inscribedon the .same-side other lines 3|, 3-2, 33,34, :35 and36,:marking\ofiangles\of I5, 30, 4.5, `6I), l'I5 and 80 idegrees` respectively, emanating from :a common point .31, but directed in opposite directions )from the :'former lines. On `the Aopposite side of protractingmember `22 yare linearggraduations -38 and 39,'-which assist 'the .user of the .invention @infmeasuring oi the lengths ofthe v.a-nglesdesired., The proltracting member -22 is removably and adjustably secured to the straight-edge VI-IJgof :the T-square in the manner illustrated in Figure 6, wherein `there is shown a threadedscrew 40, whosehead `is flush with the under side -4-I of the straightedge I0. This threaded .screw passes through slots I3 and 23. Knurled nut -42 .is threadably disposed about the `screw-4I)` so fthat by tightening the nut ithe protracting member .22 may be held in .fixed relationship ,to the straight-edge I0. If vit is .desired .to Ive-position the protracting member with respect -to the straight-edge, the .nut need yonly be loosened, fand, if it is 'desired to completely disengage the protracting member .22 .from the .straight-edge ID, it lis only .necessary .to `loosen the nut yand toshift ythe threaded screw so that its head is in registerable alignment with the enlarged portion I4 of the slot I3 and then simply lift the protracting member out. If it is desired to attach the protracting member to the straight-edge, the reverse process is applied.

Figure 2 graphically illustrates the cooperative relationship between the head I and the straight-edge Il) and the prdtracting :member 22 and 'the straight-edge Il), showing also the `under side 4I of the straight-edge I0, and indicating the groove 43, in which the head of the .screw AIt!) Vis lpositioned in order to make it flush .Wth'lthe zunder side 4I. It will be seen from this figure .that .angles of varying degrees may 'be drawn in either direction with respect to the straight-edge ID and that the protracting member .may Ieven lbe :used as a continuation of the straight-edge of the T-square.

'In 'Figure 7 is illustrated a triangle having a lplurality yof 'linear Ygraduations 44 thereon not =on1y lonfthe sideshown but :on 'the opposite iside not rshown, which may be used Ain lieu of the protracting .member for vthe purposes of drawing angles but not with equal facility.

M odasI operandi For purposes Aof illustration, it .is assumed that an angle of 15 degrees is desired to be measured. vIn 'such a case, itis only necessary `to .align the Aline 24 with the side `I2 (of ,straightedge t0. 1f itis desired `to strike a :15 degree tangle in lthe fopposite direction,` then the protractin'g member 2-2 and threaded screw l4I) is 'moved so that -a hinging action is formed at the Vextreme ends of the slots I3 and 23 and then :line 3,-I `is aligned with side iIrI =of straight-edge I0. Other angles are -measured :in the identical manner. n

-It will ybe seen that `by the construction illustrated, it is .possible @to lmeasure off ,parallel lines, angles and other measurements without the use of 'the standard ruler, protractor, triangle or other Esimilar instruments.

This completes the detailed vdescription of the elements applied in our invention, and, from .the foregoing fdescription, :it will 'be seen :that we .have produced a drafting table and instruments to be used in conjunction therewith, `which substantially ,fulll the objects of the invention set :forth herein.

While this specification sets :forth in detail .the present and preferred 'constructionfof the invention, still in practice deviations .from such detail ascome -within lthe scope of the .mechanic may be resorted to which do 'not `depart .from ythe spirit of Ithe invention herein. It is to be lunderstood, therefore, that we :consider as `our .own 'all such modications .and adaptations :as -vfairly -fall within 4the scope of ithe .invention .de- 4lined in the .appended claims.

Having thus described our invention, what we claim :as :new Vand. useful .and y.upon which 'we ldesire lto secure `Letters :Patent is:

l. In combination, a drawing-surface 'having graduations adjacent its edges and la T-square having its head and straight-edge movable with respect to each luther, a wedging 'member adapted l.to be .placed within a slot `formed within thefhead to hold the straight-edge and the head 'in `fixed .relationship :to each other, said straight-edge having graduations thereon .capable of cooperative luse with the Lgraduati'ons on the :drawing-surface fa :slot 4formed lin the straight-edge, a .protracting member Vremovably secured to said straight-edgeand angularly adjustable relative to said straight-edge, a slot formed in the protracting member, and means for securing said protracting member to said straight-edge, said means consisting of a bolt and nut combination fitting within the slots incorporated within the straight-edge and the protracting member and when tightened adapted for holding the said straight-edge and said protracting member in xed relationship to each other.

2. A T-square to be used with a device of the class described and for the purposes illustrated, comprising a head having a slot formed therein, a straight-edge, having linear graduations on each side thereof, slidably disposed within said slot and a Wedging member adapted to be forcibly inserted within the slot in the head and adjacent one side of the straight edge, said Wedging member having one inclined edge adapted to lie against the inclined wall of the slot formed Within the head and having one straight-edge on the opposite side thereof and a grip for manipulating the wedging member for holding said straight-edge in fixed alignment to said head.

3. In combination, a T-squarel of the class kdescribed to be used for the purposes herein disclosed, comprising a head having a slot formed therein, a straight-edge, having linear graduations on each side thereof, slidably disposed within said slot, said straight-edge having a Slot therein, a wedge member for retaining said straight-edge in iixed relationship to said head, a protracting member, having a slot therein, adapted for disengageable engagement with the straight-edge, said protracting memberV having linear graduations on one side and angular measurements on the other side thereof which are adapted for use with the straight-edge for striking on angles and means for eirecting the connection between the straight-edge and the protracting member.

WILLIAM P. NIUKKANEN. SMO MHiKONEN. 

